- If the number that is the proper result of such operations cannot be represented by these rightmost hardware bits, overflow is said to have occurred.
- Sign and magnitude method and two's complement representation are used to distinguish positive and negative numbers
- Two's complement: leading 0s (MSB) mean positive and leading 1s (MSB) mean negative
- Shortcut to negate two's complement binary number: invert every 0 to 1 and every 1 to 0, then add one to result
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